当译员在遇到法律文件中模糊和存在歧义的情况时,能不能在翻译时用中文将其予以厘清呢?

在解释这个问题前,我们要先了解一个概念:「原文释义优先原则」

「原文释义优先原则」,指当无法实现翻译功能等同的情况下,原文准确释义的价值优先于译文可读性的价值。

反向而言,即:不能因为实现译文的可读性而牺牲原文释义的准确性

如果译文含义模糊影响理解,可以参考法律上相关规定来进行解释。例如《民法典》第一百四十二条规定,有相对人的意思表示的解释,应当按照所使用的词句,结合相关条款、行为的性质和目的、习惯以及诚信原则,确定意思表示的含义。

无相对人的意思表示的解释,不能完全拘泥于所使用的词句,而应当结合相关条款、行为的性质和目的、习惯以及诚信原则,确定行为人的真实意思。

《民法典》四百六十六条规定,合同文本采用两种以上文字订立并约定具有同等效力的,对各文本使用的词句推定具有相同含义。

各文本使用的词句不一致的,应当根据合同的相关条款、性质、目的以及诚信原则等予以解释。

所以,法律翻译的功能并不是要把原文模糊和存在歧义之处通过翻译在译文中予以厘清,而是要把原文的歧义和模糊之处在译文中准确地表现出来。

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首先是银行流水翻译的准确性:作为申请材料等一部分,如何准确等翻译成目标语言是需要一定的专业性和权威资质。因此,选择专业的翻译公司,他们常年翻译各类银行流水,能够准确的把握银行流水中的金融术语,并且他们的翻译件都会盖有“翻译专用章”不论是资质还是专业度都是无可挑剔的。

然后是格式标准的统一:银行流水的布局、关键信息一定要和源文件保持一致,然而打印出来的银行流水一般都是PDF或者照片的格式,无法直接编辑。如果是专业负责的翻译公司则会根据原文件的表格样式重新画表格,以达到和原文件的一致性。

所以,以上翻译银行流水的要点你都记住了吗?当然,翻译速度也很考验专业翻译公司的翻译水平,我们目前银行流水翻译基本上都能做到当天给出翻译件,欢迎选择~

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合同的变更:指在合同成立后,对合同内容进行的修改和补充,这不会改变合同主体,但会使合同内容发生变化。

合同的转让:指在不改变合同内容的前提下,合同关系的一方将其合同权利、义务全部或部分地转让给第三人,这会导致合同主体的变化。

合同的变更和转让

Modification and Transfer of Contracts

1. 当事人协商一致,可以变更合同。

法律、行政法规规定变更合同应当办理批准、登记等手续的,依照其规定。

参考译文:The parties may modify their contract upon agreement reached through consultation.

Where laws and administrative regulations provide that the modification of a contract shall go through the procedures of approval and registration, such provision shall govern.

2. 当事人对合同变更的内容约定不明确的,推定为未变更。

参考译文:If any particulars of a contract modified upon agreement between the parties are not definite, no modification of the contract shall be deemed to have been made.

3. 债权人可以将合同的权利全部或者部分转让给第三人,但有下列情形之一的除外:

(1)根据合同性质不得转让;

(2) 按照当事人约定不得转让;

(3)依照法律規定不得转让。

参考译文:The creditor may assign all or part of his rights under the contract to a third person, except in any of the following circumstances:

(1) by nature of the contract such rights are not assignable;

(2) the parties have agreed that such rights may not be assigned;

(3) the law provides that such rights may not be assigned.

4. 债权人转让权利的,应当通知债务人。未经通知,该转让对债务不发生效力。

债权人转让权利的通知不得撤销,但经受让人同意的除外;

参考译文:If the creditor assigns his rights, it shall notify the debtor. Such assignment without notification shall be invalid as far as the debtor is concerned.

The creditor may not revoke the notification of the assignment of his rights, unless otherwise agreed by the assignee.

5. 债权人转让权利的,受让人取得与债权有关的从权利,但该从权利专属于债权人自身的除外。

参考译文:When the creditor assigns his rights, the assignee shall also acquire the incidental rights in connection with the claim, unless such incidental rights are exclusive to the creditor.

6. 債务人接到债权转让通知后,债务人对让与人的抗辩,可以向受让人主张。

参考译文: After receiving the notice of the assignment of the claim, the debtor may initiate against the assignee the defense which he had against the assignor.

7. 債务人接到债权转让通知时,债务人对让与人享有债权,并且债务人的债权先于转让的债权到期或者同时到期的,债务人可以向受让人主张抵销。

参考译文:If at the time of receipt of the notice of the assignment of the claim the debtor has a claim against the assignor and the claim will mature before or at the same time as the assigned claim, the debtor may set off such claim against the assignee.

8.债务人将合同的义务全部或者部分转移给第三人的,应当经债权人同意。

参考译文: If the debtor intends to transfer all or part of his obligations under the contract to a third person, such transfer shall be subject to the consent of the creditor.

9. 债务人转移义务的,新债务人可以主张原债务人对债权人的抗辩。

参考译文:When the debtor transfers his obligations, the new debtor may initiate against the creditor the defense which the original debtor had against the creditor.

10. 债务人转移义务的,新债务人应当承担与主债务有关的从债务,但该从债务专属于原债务人自身的除外。

参考译文:When the debtor transfers his obligations, the new debtor shall bear the incidental liabilities in connection with the primary liability, unless such incidental liabilities are exclusive to the original debtor.